HC1010 Financial Statements Elements and Financial Statement Analysis Assessment Answer

Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester	T1 2019
Unit Code	HC1010
Unit Title	Accounting for Business
Assessment Type	Individual Assignment
Assessment Title	Financial Statements Elements and Financial Statement Analysis
Purpose of the assessment (with ULO Mapping)	Students are required to apply knowledge learned in class and perform independent research of the key topics. Learning Outcomes: Familiar with and readily able to access (refer to) and integrate across: The social role and purpose of accounting The accounting equation and how it shapes the financial statements General Purpose Financial Statements (GPFS) Special Purpose Financial Statements (SPFS) Understand how to prepare, analyse, and interpret financial ratios from GPFS Obtain and contextualise business information for business accounting to explain and apply to business decisions Demonstrate the ability to apply, analyse, synthesise and evaluate information from multiple sources to make decisions about the financial performance of entities including assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue and expenses Apply concepts and theories discussed on a weekly basis Use transaction data and financial statement analysis for data-driven decision- making Demonstrate the ability to communicate accounting information writing to a professional standard
Weight	20% of the total assessments
Total Marks	20 marks
Word limit	1000 words
Submission Guidelines	All work must be submitted on Blackboard by the due date along with a completed Assignment Cover Page. The assignment must be in MS Word format, single spacing, 12-pt Arial font and 2 cm margins on all four sides of your page with appropriate section headings and page numbers. Reference sources must be cited in the text of the report and listed appropriately at the end in a reference list using Harvard referencing style.

HC1010 Assignment Specifications

Purpose:

This assignment aims to reinforce and extend students’ knowledge and understanding of key topics in this course (HC1010) including: Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Financial Performance, Cash Flow Statement, Financial Statement Analysis, Accounting for Business Transactions through independent research and application of knowledge and skills.

Assignment details:

PART A Financial Ratios and Financial Statement analysis (6 marks)

The following financial data relate to Big Bang Pty Ltd for the years ended 30 June Year 2019 and 30 June Year 2018.

Financial item	30 June Year 2019	Year 2018
Net credit sales Cost of goods sold Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Current liabilities	$630 000 290 000 18 000 70 000 130 000 105 000	$490 000 250 000 12 000 60 000 150 000 81 000

Additional information:

The amount of Accounts receivables at 30 June Year 2017 was $78 000 (net). The inventory figure at 30 June Year 2017 was $130 000. The company provides its credit customers 30 days to pay. The average inventory turnover for the industry in which the company operates is 101 days.

You are required to explain and calculate the following ratios for the years ended 30 June Year 2019 and 30 June Year 2018:
- current ratio;
- quick ratio;
- accounts receivable turnover (times and in days); and
- inventory turnover (times and in days)
Comment on the short-term solvency, including the efficiency of the business, given the ratio results obtained in your answer in part a.

PART B. Income and Revenue (4 marks)

The core business of Green Apple Ltd involves the sale of anti-virus software. The following took place during the financial year ended 30 June. The company earned $25 000 000 from the sale of software;

$3 000 000 from update downloads; and $50 000 in interest from investing on the short-term money market. The company also received a $2000 discount arising out of the early settlement of a liability; and issued shares in exchange for $500 000 cash during the year.

Discuss whether the foregoing five financial items would meet the definition of income to the company during the year? Give reasons for your answer.

Which, if any, of the items would meet the definition of revenue to the company for the year? Give reasons for your answer.

PART C. Comparing balance sheet (7 marks)

ABC company and XYZ company conduct the same type of business. Both are recently formed entities. the balance sheets of the two companies as at 30 June 2020 are as follows:

ABC Company Balance sheet As at 30 June 2020
	$	$	$	$
Assets
*Current assets*
Cash at bank	2 400
Accounts receivable	4 800
Total current assets		7 200
*Noncurrent Assets*
Office equipment	6 000
land	18 000
building	30 000
Total non-current assets		54 000
Total assets			61 200
liabilities
*Current liabilities*
Accounts payable	21 600
Loan payable due 30 September 2020	31 200
Total current liabilities		52 800
Total liabilities			52 800
Net assets				8 400
Owner’s equity
P. Cable Capital	8 400
Total owners’ equity				8 400

XYZ Company Balance sheet As at 30 June 2020
	$	$	$	$
Assets
*Current assets*
Cash at bank	2 000

Accounts receivable	24 000
Total current assets		26 000
*Noncurrent Assets*
Office equipment	600
land	13 600
building	6 000
Total non-current assets		20 200
Total assets			46 200
liabilities
*Current liabilities*
Accounts payable	4 800
Loan payable due 30 September 2020	7 200
Total current liabilities		12 000
Total liabilities			12 000
Net assets				34 200
Owner’s equity
P. Cable Capital	34 200
Total owners’ equity				34 200

You are required to answer the following questions based on the information provided above:

assuming that you are a banker and that the owner of each business has applied for a short- term loan of $6000 (repayable in six months), which application would you select as being the more favourable? Explain.
assuming that you are a businessperson interested in buying one or both companies, and both owners have indicated their intentions to sell, for which business would you be willing to pay the higher price, assuming you will be taking over the existing liabilities of the company? explain.
if the existing owners agreed to be accountable for all existing liabilities, how would this change your decision in (b), if at all?

Answer

HC1010 Accounting For Business

PART A Financial Ratios and Financial Statement analysis

1. Ratios Calculation: The given information and calculations can be presented as follows:

	30 June Year 2019	Year 2018	Year 2017
Net credit sales	$ 6,30,000	$ 4,90,000
Cost of goods sold	$ 2,90,000	$ 2,50,000
Cash	$ 18,000	$ 12,000
Accounts receivable	$ 70,000	$ 60,000	$ 78,000
Inventory	$ 1,30,000	$ 1,50,000	$ 1,30,000
Current liabilities	$ 1,05,000	$ 81,000

Period to Pay	30 days
Industry Average Inventory Turnover	101 days

The calculation of ratios and formulae are:

Ratio	30 June Year 2019	Year 2018	Formula
Current Ratio	2.08	2.74	CA/CL
Quick Ratio	0.17	0.15	Quick Assets/CL
Accounts Receivable Turnover (times)	9.69	7.10	Net Credit Sales/Average Receivables
Accounts Receivable Turnover (days)	37.7	51.4	365/Accounts Receivables Turnover
Inventory Turnover (times)	2.07	1.79	COGS/Average Inventory
Inventory Turnover (days)	176.2	204.4	365/Inventory Turnover

2. Ratio Analysis:

Regarding short term solvency, the focus should be on current ratio and quick ratio. The company’s current ratio reduced from 2.74 to 2.08 in year 2019. A current ratio of 2.0 indicates ideal level where the current assets provide 200% buffer for the current liabilities. The company has a level above 2.0 which indicates sufficient coverage.
However, quick ratio, also known as acid test ratio further reduces current assets by excluding non-liquid current assets such as, inventory and accounts receivable. This is because in a situation where company needs to discharge its current liabilities immediately, these types of non-liquid current assets may not be useful as they may not be convertible to cash immediately. The company’s level of quick ratio is quite low at 0.15 in 2018 and 0.17 in 2019, indicating that it may be unable to discharge its current liabilities immediately, if the need arises. However, the slowly rising level of quick ratio y-o-y basis indicates that company may be making an effort to improve the level.
The turnover ratios are also known as efficiency ratios as they indicate how efficiently a company is utilizing its assets. The accounts receivable turnover ratio has improved considerably y-o-y basis from 51.4 days in 2018 (7.10 times) to 37.7 days in 2019 (9.69 times). This indicates that on an average, payment from debtors is received within 37.7 days. However, the average period to pay in the industry is 30 days and company still has scope to reduce this ratio to match the industry average period. The company’s inventory turnover ratio has also improved considerably y-o-y basis from 204.4 days in 2018 (1.79 times) to 176.2 days in 2019 (2.07 times). This indicates that on an average, the inventory is turned around in 176.2 days. However, this is very high as compared to industry average of 101 days. This is a big risk as the inventory entails a huge cost of maintenance, warehousing etc. Further, high period of inventory may also cause obsolescence risk. It may be prudent to review inventory levels and reduce the production of items that are not selling or put up a clearance sale to get rid of inventory at hand currently.

PART B Income & Revenue

The required can be presented as follows:

Line Item	Amount	Classification
Software Sales	$ 25,00,000	Revenue
Updates Download	$ 30,00,000	Revenue
Interest on short-term investment	$ 50,000	Income
Discount on early liab settlement	$ 2,000	Cash Discount or Income
Share Issue	$ 5,00,000	Income

The last column indicates classification for each line item. For any company, revenue refers to the amount received from customers for the company products and services.

Whereas, income is a much larger term that indicates net profit of the company after including all items. In other words, the revenue and total income from various sources is included and then all expenses are deducted to arrive at income.

In above case, company is a software company selling anti-virus software. Hence, revenue will be the line items that show software sales and software updates download as these are related to product of the company.

All the other line items, such as interest earned on short-term marketing securities (investment income), cash discount (operating income) and share issues (financing income) can be classified as income.

PART C Balance Sheet Comparison

The required can be presented as follows:

	ABC Company	XYZ Company
	Balance sheet	Balance sheet
	As at 30 June 2020	As at 30 June 2020
Assets	$	$
Current assets
Cash at bank	2,400	2,000
Accounts receivable	4,800	24,000
Total current assets	7,200	26,000
Noncurrent Assets
Office equipment	6,000	600
land	18,000	13,600
building	30,000	6,000
Total non-current assets	54,000	20,200
Total assets	61,200	46,200
liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	21,600	4,800
Loan payable due 30 September 2020	31,200	7,200
Total current liabilities	52,800	12,000
Total liabilities	52,800	12,000
Net assets	8,400	34,200
Owner’s equity
P. Cable Capital	8,400	34,200
Total owners’ equity	8,400	34,200

Current Ratio	0.14	2.17
Quick Ratio	0.05	0.17
Short term Loan to Equity	3.71	0.21

From above, the three key ratios can be seen. XYZ has a much higher current ratio of 2.17 indicating higher level of liquidity as compared to ABC. Further, XYZ has a much higher quick ratio of 0.17 indicating higher level of immediately available liquidity as compared to ABC. If the debt to equity ratio is seen, XYZ scores better with a lower ratio of 0.21.

Hence, a bank should definitely select XYZ as compared to ABC for approving a short term loan seeing the liquidity and debt levels.
Even an investor should go for XYZ as level of liabilities is lower and liquidity is much better. Additionally, net assets level is much higher.
The impact will be negligible seeing the difference between ABC and XYZ. Hence, decision will remain the same.

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HC1010 Financial Statements Elements and Financial Statement Analysis Assessment Answer

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