Answer :

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Article 1:  Management approaches 

Abstract:

The research paper provides reviews on literature topic assessing responsible tourism practices for sustainable development of tourism. The rationale of the study is to examine management approaches of responsible tourism of Tamil Nadu, which could meet sustainable tourism development. The themes include for the research paper are responsible tourism, sustainable tourism development, benefits of stakeholders, host community and protection of the environment.   

Introduction 

The study is based on the extent of which responsible tourism could be stated as a fit approach for unsuitable tourism development in respective of the stakeholders. The research paper provides a brief discussion on tourism practices in Indian state Tamil Nadu to evaluate responsible tourism to assess its sustainable tourism development capability (Hemachandran, Priyakrushna & Anu, 2018). It has observed that there has been an increasing demand for hill station tourism in the country. 

Research strategy 

The journals and different articles have been introduced for development in-depth information on responsible tourism and its capability to meet the sustainable tourism development concept. These articles and journals have been gathered from online database Science direct, jum, Google Scholar and Mendeley. The article has introduced important resources and journals from these search engines such as Current Issues in Tourism, International tourism, responsible tourism, tourism management and Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing (Hemachandran, Priyakrushna & Anu, 2018).

Literature review 

1. According to Hemachandran, Priyakrushna & Anu, (2018), responsible tourism provides basic connection towards quality, services and tourism product to meet sustainable tourism concept. The article provides a brief analysis of responsible tourism of Tamil Nadu, India to assess its capability of being a sustainable tourism development business.  

2. Abstract examination 

In the abstract of the research article, it provides brief information and learning on purpose, aim, research methods and activities introduced in the research in an easy and reliable manner. In the research paper, for gathering relevant data and information, the analytical tools such as Microsoft Excel and SPSS tools have been used for better extracting of the information (Mihalic, 2016).   

3. Introduction examination 

The article introduction has been introducing information on travel and tourism background of India. In the discussion, the responsible tourism and its significance have also been discussed in regards to tourism practices carried out in Tamil Nadu. The introduction area of a research article has then described and summarized aim, objective and purpose of the research based on which article has carried out an investigation on the research topic of responsible tourism and its connections with sustainable tourism development.    

4. Selection of methodology 

In the research article, the qualitative data collection method and quantitative data collection method has been used in regards to gathering information on the research article through survey interview with participants (Hanafiah, Azman, Jamaluddin & Aminuddin, 2016). In addition, for the collection of information on responsible tourism in Tamil Nadu, the participatory research process has been selected. The sample population for the research includes internal and external group. In the internal group, there are five governmental and fifteen local community individual are selected, in the external group, about eighty tourists from Tamil Nadu has been selected for the particular research paper.    

5. Results selection 

In relation to introducing a better understanding on the topic, the research articles has developed thematic analysis based on SPSS and excel software in regards to better extraction of data gathered from a community member and tourists in Tamil Nadu. As per findings, tourism in India has positively affected due to its economic factors, although cultural and social factors have impacted negatively on the responsible tourism and sustainable tourism development of Tamil Nadu (Hemachandran, Priyakrushna & Anu, 2018). 

6. Conclusion 

The conclusion has presented a systematic analysis and discussion on the contents input in the research article. In the conclusion, it has described that activities require engaging in responsible tourism to increase or create their relationships with sustainable tourism development. In the research article, it has been concluded that the tourism industry requires potential regulations and operating management activities in regards to increase its responsible tourism aspect and meet sustainable tourism development. 

7. Personal reflection 

I guess research article has made an in detail analysis and observation on responsible tourism for enhancing suitable tourism practices in India. I have learned that aim, objective, justification and propose of research paper has been successfully met through development reliable research methods and data collection. In my regards, managers and professional individuals learn management approaches that could be applied in the tourism business.

Reference 

Hanafiah, M. H., Azman, I., Jamaluddin, M. R., & Aminuddin, N. (2016). Responsible tourism practices and quality of Life: Perspective of Langkawi island communities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 406-413.

Hemachandran, R., Priyakrushna, M., & Anu, C. (2018). Assessing the responsible tourism practices for sustainable development-an empirical inquiry of Yelagiri, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Hospitality Application & Research, 13(2), 1-29.

Mihalic, T. (2016). Sustainable-responsible tourism discourse–Towards ‘responsustable’tourism. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 461-470.

Article 2: Is Trekking tourism sustainable? Examples from Nepal

Abstract:

The article includes a review on trekking tourism and its potentiality to be accepted as sustainable tourism service, as per the rationale of the study, it is focused on analyzing consideration of trekking tourism as sustainable tourism development. For the research paper, online search has been introduced in regards to gathering supportive journals and articles for making an in-depth discussion on the research article (Böhmer-Bauer, 2012). In the research, different themes include trekking tourism, Nepal tourism, German tourism, sustainable tourism development, tourism agency are included based on which the information and analysis have been made.  

Introduction 

In the introductory paragraph, the article evaluates and analyses trekking tourism could be considered and observes as sustainable tourism service or not. The article has used the tourism theme of Nepal trekking and German Trekking services in regards to extracting information on their tourism development. From the introduction has stated that trekking tourism provides economic, environmental and social benefits to the tourists, which could be regarded as sustainable tourism (Suntikul & Dorji, 2016). In the research paper, from the theme of trekking tourism, it has investigated the potentiality of particular tourists to be sustainable tourism development service.    

Research strategy 

For introducing supporting and quality information on this research paper, electronic options are considered to gather relevant and notable journals and articles based on the research topic. In the process, online journal database has been introducing for gathering different journal articles sources such as journal of sustainable tourism, Annals of tourism research, Tourism and indigenous people, the sustainability of mountain tourism, international journal of tourism research are gathered from Science Direct and Google Scholar. 

Literature review 

1. As per Böhmer-Bauer (2012), the research article evaluates trekking tourism is sustainable or not based on Nepal trekking services. The purpose of the research article is to analyze the service quality and conception of trekking in regards to investigate the tourism service as a category of sustainable tourism development.

2. Abstract examination 

In the abstract of the article, it is an informative and summarized content providing over German tour operator and Nepal trekking operations that could be established as sustainable tourism.  The abstract has been presented in a reliable summarized manner, which has provided a brief content on purpose of the study and process based on which the research study has been carried out (Böhmer-Bauer, 2012). In the abstract, it has elaborated that trekking tourism commitment and promises that are made by tourism agencies derive the service as sustainable tourism or not. 

3. Introduction examination 

The research paper introduction has provided relevant observation and clear justification on trekking tourism and its practices investigated on Germany as well as in Nepal. It has produced brief aim, purpose and justification of the study. In the research paper introduction, the reliability potentiality and practices of German tourism has been analyzed based on their trekking activities. In the investigation and aim of the article, it has focused on observing whether commitment and promises of Nepal and German tour operators on trekking services in regards to checking its sustainable tourism development approach (Upadhayaya, 2018).  

4. Selection of methodology 

The research method is based on extracting data and information by interviewing and survey analysis over different product managers, tour guides and general managers of Nepal and German Tourism. In a narrative and formal conversation based on open-ended questions asked, the research paper has tried to gather informative data on the research paper topic. The participants of research article have required for confidentiality regarding their contribution. Thus the number of participants in research is kept anonymous.  

5. Results selection 

The presentation of results in this article has observed coherent and systematic provide a better understanding of the findings. A thematic formation of contents and presentation has been selected by research article in regards to present its data, information and learning gathered on the research article topic (Böhmer-Bauer, 2012). In regards to the preservation of natural and cultural resources, the conception of sustainable tourism has been developed. According to the findings, the Nepal tourism and German tourism operators have stated that corporate social responsibility plays a vital role in designing, planning and implementation of activities for increasing service of Trekking to meet sustainable development. 

6. Conclusion 

In the concluding part of the research article, it provides clear and summarized observation of the research topic. It has introduced learning on basic commitments, promises; activities introduce by Nepal and German tour operators in regards to enhance their trekking services as sustainable tourism. There are several codes of conduct organized under CSR reviews of tour operators based on which the sustainable services are provided to tourists to engage sustainable trekking services. 

7. Personal reflection 

I have made brief reading on this research article and have founded that the research topic is briefly presented, analysed and evaluated to meet its basic objectives. I guess the application of research tools has helped the research article to extract in-depth information on trekking tourism and its correlation with sustainable tourism development. I think professional individuals could elaborate on the importance of CSR commitments in regards to putting sustainable business flow.  

Reference 

Böhmer-Bauer, K., (2012). Is Trekking tourism sustainable? Examples from Nepal. Journal of Tourism, 13(2).

Suntikul, W., & Dorji, U. (2016). Tourism development: the challenges of achieving sustainable livelihoods in Bhutan's remote reaches. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5), 447-457.

Upadhayaya, P. K., (2018). Sustainable Management of Trekking Trails for the Adventure Tourism in Mountains: A Study of Nepal's Great Himalaya Trails. Journal of Tourism & Adventure, 1(1), 1-31.

Article 3: Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development

Abstract:

The research article includes review over the relationship between stakeholder’s engagement and sustainable tourism development. In the rationale of the study, it has focused on observation on national and international tourism management of Vietnam (Holladay et al., 2018). The article includes a brief observation on the impact of tourism assets over sustainable tourism development. For the introduction of better information and learning, electronic search engines has been developed to gather different journals and articles for the research.  

Introduction 

In the introduction, the concept of tourism has analysed as an activity engaged by tourists for travelling different places which helps their contribution in increasing economic, social and environmental development of the particular destination. There are different themes included for developing relevant information and learning, such as sustainable tourism, stakeholder's relationship are engaged in the research article. The concept of sustainable tourism is introduced in 1980s; it provides a conception of engaging activities for constant engagement of tourists visiting heritage destinations (Bunakov et al., 2015).    

Research strategy 

In the research strategy, for gathering notable journals and articles, the online database has been introducing, such as Science Direct, Google Scholar and Microsoft Academy. In relation to introducing proper and quality contents in the research article, some of the major journals that have been selected are Global Tourism, Journal of Tourism Sciences, Journal of Tourism Research, Tourism and Hospitality Research and Politics, practice and sustainability.

Literature review 

1. Holladay et al., (2018) has opined that the research article elaborates management and operations of sustainable tourism development and its relationship as well as a contribution from different stakeholders of public and private tourism form operating in Da Nang.  

2. Abstract examination 

The contents of the abstract have defined that there is a requirement of management for increasing number of international and domestic tourism in Vietnam. In the country, tourism operating firms possible has less learning over management of tourism; the research article is focused over stakeholder analysis to observe activities required for management of tourism development as per tourism sustainability (Throsby, 2016). In the research paper, for enhancing information on the research topic, different research questions have been designed for interviewing and extracting data from different selected participants. 

3. Introduction examination 

In the introductory paragraph of the research article, a brief background of Da Nang, Vietnam has been introduced with facts and figures.  From the information gathered, it has observed that there has been an increase of tourist's visits in Da Nang, Vietnam by 9% in 2016 as compared to the year of 2015 (Holladay et al., 2018). In the research paper, from the assessment of aims objectives and purpose, the research article is focused on one theme of sustainable tourism and its relationship with stakeholder’s contribution. 

4. Selection of methodology 

The choice of research methods and tools introduces with clear justification and reasoning of selection. In the research article, the interview questions are designed for 16 stakeholders from public and private firms of Vietnam. In the research paper, suggestive notes from notable journals and articles are also introduced in regards to support the data and information (Bunakov et al., 2015).  As per research methods, quantitative data collection process has been introducing in regards to gather raw data from selected participants of the research article. 

5. Results selection 

In the process of collection of data and information from 16 stakeholders, the research article engaged voice recording for extracting the responses of selected participants. The detailed interview session which has carried out for 30-40 minutes has been introduced. As per results, the research article has been included discussion on the tourism culture, types of tourism; sustainable development of tourism has been made to increase clear learning on its relationship with stakeholder’s contribution (Holladay et al., 2018). 

6. Conclusion 

In concluding part of a research article, it has been able to summarise and elaborate the information and learning of research topic. The research finding has elaborated that there are tourism insights, which could help to improve the management of tourism in Da Nang. In this city, culture, beach resort and heritage site tourist are important drivers to include consistency in the management of tourism visits.

7. Personal reflection 

I think the research paper has extracted that tourism development requires proper management from stakeholders of private and public tourism firms in regards to increasing its sustainability. I believe the research methods are appropriately selected, which helped to gather information on prime drivers of Da Nang, which helps to increase and manage its tourism services. The managers of hotels are able to elaborate on the process of tourism management for the reading of this article.    

Reference 

Bunakov, O. A., Zaitseva, N. A., Larionova, A. A., Chudnovskiy, A. D., Zhukova, M. A., & Zhukov, V. A. (2015). Research on the evolution of management concepts of sustainable tourism and hospitality development in the regions. Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(6), 39.

Holladay, P. J., Dixon, A. W., Nguyen, M. C., Le Nguyen, B., Xu, S., & Price Howard, K. (2018). Stakeholder perceptions of tourism assets and sustainable tourism development in Da Nang, Vietnam.

Throsby, D., (2016). Tourism, heritage and cultural sustainability: three ‘golden rules'. Cultural tourism and sustainable local development (pp. 31-48). Routledge.

Article 4: Contemporary issues on over tourism

Abstract:

The research paper includes a reliable review on the theme of over tourism and the effects of residential capacity carry social aspects of heritage sites of the heritage town of Spain.  According to the rationale of research, the study is focused on the ability and impact of residential social carrying capacity for heritage locations of Besalu in Spain. In this research article, the journals and articles are accessed from electronic sources; the research article is based on the theme of management of heritage site, over tourism, sustainable tourism development and local residential social carrying capacity.    

Introduction 

In the introductory part of the research article, it has elaborated social carry capacity of local residential individuals, which helps to meet sustainable tourism development of heritage sites. As per the primary theme, the article is processed on management over tourism of heritage sites through local residential social contributions and social carrying capacity (Muler Gonzalez, Coromina & Galí, 2018). The local resident’s introduction, conversation, information and knowledge play a vital role in increasing interests of tourists for specific heritage sites in Besalu. 

Research strategy 

The research article includes a number of journals articles which is gathered from online database science direct and Google scholar, these sources and journals have engaged information and learning on the over tourism. Some of the basic journals which are used in the research article are Annals of tourism research, tourism management and environmental behaviour, Journal of travel research, tourism geographies, Landscape and Urban Planning, Tourism Management, and journal of environmental management.  

Literature review 

1. Muler Gonzalez, Coromina & Galí, (2018) has assessed that research article includes learning and analysis of over tourism management through social carrying capacity of local residents of Besalu for management of heritage town. In the research article, it has addressed the importance and contribution of local residents of heritage town in management, attraction and sustainable development of tourism in the city of Besalu.

2. Abstract examination 

The abstract of a research article has a brief summary, purpose, aim and elaboration of the research process of this article. In the abstract, the brief finding of the research is introduced through elaborating the theme and objectives based on which research questions and data gathering has been made. 

3. Introduction examination 

The part of introduction elaborates a brief summary of over tourism and its management approaches developed by tourism individuals of the country. In the introductory paragraph, it has provided summarised information on the conception of local residential and their social capacity carrying contribution in the management of tourism and heritage sites of Spanish city Besalu.

4. Selection of methodology

In the methodology section, the research article has addressed research process and tools selected with proper justification. For gathering relevant data and information, the article has designed research questions in regards to meet research objectives on the topic selected (Koens, Postma & Papp, 2018). The research methods introduce Likert scale interview questions which have been presented in front of 219 participants, who have been agreed to respond from selected 419 sample population

5. Results selection 

The results of the research article have presented in a systematic and reliable manner, in the process tabular and numerical facts and figures are used for better extraction of information from responses provided by participants. In the findings, the themes such as employment in tourism, management of tourism, management of heritage site, tourism impact, local residential willingness and perceptions are engaged (Seraphin, Sheeran & Pilato, 2018).  

6. Conclusion 

In the concluding part of the research article, the justification and findings of the research are developed. The findings have concluded that there might be a negative impact on the perception of local residents in carrying social concerns of heritage sites if there has been over tourism more than average in the city. 

7. Personal reflection 

I have observed that the research article has made conversation on the participation and contribution of local residents in increasing attraction of heritage sites by providing relevant information to the tourists. I think the social carrying capacity of local residents has a better potentiality to include consistency in tourism in the city of Spain. I believe professional individuals in tourism require encouraging the local population to support tourism services in regards to make heritage locations as part of sustainable tourism development.