Answer :

Abstract

In recent times, with growth in technology in almost every sphere of economy, the education sector also needs to be upgraded with technological advancement. In context to this, this study attempts to illustrate the advantages of adopting technological advancement in the in the education process. For that purpose, the education system of Selangor has been selected as the case study. Efforts have been made in the study to illustrate the modern ways of teaching that are adopted in the secondary education system in the state of Selangor. In addition to that, attempts have been made to describe the impact of technical teaching process on the students as well as the teachers.

Introduction

This project deals with the competency of a school principal to create a good school culture, that can help a student to improve performance through active learning process. Studying in an environment that makes the students feel homely is very important as they can learn with comfort. Extra efforts are not required. Studying in a relaxed environment can yield terrific results if properly handled.  A principal also has to make sure that the teachers have the right environment so that they can expand themselves and work to their full potential. In order to create the perfect environment, the principal must have the knowledge about how a student can be moulded through a proper learning condition. Creating the perfect environment in an educational institution is of paramount necessity as it ensures not just a good and healthy system for the students, but also helps the teachers to perform better. Teachers can not be put under constraints. They have to be given liberty and must be allowed to use their imagination in the right way so that the collective performance increases and the overall satisfaction yields better results than before.  

The principal’s foremost duty lies in helping the students achieve their goals through effective learning process and in turn help the whole society gain something from each pupil. B it must also be kept in mind that the students are directly influenced by the teachers, and hence the teachers must also be kept in a proper environment so that they can also benefit something from the teaching process. The responsibility of creating this kind of an environment is even higher in secondary schools, as it is the place where students are properly exposed to the world, and their experiences start to accumulate and they start evolving. Their viewpoints are developed, and they form opinions on different facts. This topic would be discussed in full details in the context of secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia.

Problem Statement

This study deals with the influence created by the principal or the management of the school committee among the students in order to improve the culture and overall learning development of the institution. Notably, it has a barrier of its own. It is seen that, often the students and the school principal or the managing committee are not at the same page due to disparity in the thoughts and beliefs. In this regards, it is essential to adopt such strategies that will be beneficial to both the school leaders and the students as well (Arokiasamy et al. 2014). As the principal of the school it becomes his or her responsibility to provide the sincere commitment towards the students and define their roles within the organization.It not only help the students to show their commitment  towards to the institution but in their overall learning development as well. In addition to that, it helps to perfectly define the goals and objectives of the school. There exist a gap between the conventional learning process and the technical learning process (Kabir, Ruiz, Alvarez & Moonis, 2016). 

The learning process should be such that it provides maximum knowledge to the students. Conventional learning involves the use of paper and traditional tools, which consumes a lot of time than compared to the technical learning process. The study has undergone the procedures, which have shown the need for the implementation of technical process of learning over traditional learning process. Principal’s competency has been a major factor, which leads to the better outcome from a student’s performance. Notably, in today’s world, they heightened expectations from the educational sector, it becomes the responsibility of the principal to improve the teaching and learning capacity. In that regard they are expected to act as thebroker between the teachers, students and the parents in order to resolve their issues. However it is noted that the principal in the state of Selangor are not that much competent to manage the school . This has posed a problem in the state of Selangor in enhancing the level of education (Gonsalvez & Calvert, 2014). 

The study also attempts to describe the stringent policies and methods adopted by the school principal that tends to have a negative effect on the mindset of the students. Efforts have been made in the study to describe the  the ways that if implemented may help the principal of the school in better managing of the institution and in enhancing the skills and knowledge of the students. 

Research Question

·          What are the factors that lead to the implementation of the modern or technical learning process in the secondary schools of Selangor?

·         How does a proper learning culture affect the students?

·         What are the drawbacks that the schools in Selangor are facing?

·         What steps should be taken to enable the principals provide education to their students in worldwide accepted learning technique?

·         Are the schools in Selangor efficient enough to implement the technical learning process through activated environmental changes and adaptations?

Research objectives

The objectives of the research are provided as follows:

• To understand how can the principal usher in the right environment for the students and the teachers to attain their true potential.
• To make sure that the principal take the school towards the right direction.
• Describe how the principal can integrate active learning process with traditional learning systems. 
• To get an understanding of the modern approaches of teaching in secondary schools in Selangor
• To get an understanding of the advantages of adopting technical teaching process in schools
• To get an understanding of the technical efficiency of the teachers and the management of the schools in Selangor
• To get an understanding of the pros and cons of technical education system  and its impact on the students

Theoretical Framework

Principals have the authority and power to run a school as they wish to. That power has to be used in a controlled and proper way, so that the initial objective of creating the right environment for the students can be reached easily. The principal must know how to govern the school so that every member of the institution acts with a collective objective in mind. The principal must be imaginative in order to come up with new ideas and active programs so that learning can be interesting for the students as teaching would be appealing for the teachers (Harris et al. 2017). 

Principal’s competency

Notably, the role played by the principal in the school and the competency tends to pay a very vital role in the learning and development of the students. It is seen that the principle of a school is responsible for managing the overall operation of the school and in resolving the issues of conflicts between the teachers and the students. Although, it is evident that, the leadership influence on the student's community tends to be in a ambiguous. Within a school campus, the role of a principal includes assist the teachers in the teaching process, maintaining a safe and sound environment, looking after the needs and interest of the teachers and the students as well as ensuring that the quality of teaching is maintained across all departments (Krause et al. 2015). 

In addition to that, they are also tasked with shaping up of the mission and vision of the academic success based on the global standards, inculcating the sense of leadership among the others, building up of a hospitable educational environment within the campus as well, as supporting the members of the organization at the time of needs. It has been noted that, there tends to be  significant link between the roles played by the school principal and the learning process of a student's. Evidently, a effective school leader helps in enhancing the quality of teaching within the institution as well as helps in inculcating within the members of the organization a sense of commitment towards the institutions. The most significant factor that an effective school principal tends to provide is the cultural development of the students and guide them towards excellence (Lockyer et al. 2017).

In regards to the state of Selangor, it has been noted that the quality of education has enhanced significantly over the years. The education system in Malaysia has been through extensive revamping and a lot of changes that has transformed the existing teaching and learning process in the Country. In accordance with market research, it has  been noted that, the performance of the schools in the state of Selangor has enhanced, due to the regressive and the stringent actions adopted by the school principal. It has been noted that, an effective school leadership in the institutions of Selangor has proven to be productive in light of improving the cultural development of the students. 

Role of school principals in learning process

Evidently, with growing complexities in the modern day educational system, it has been noted that, the role of the principal in  the cultural development and in the learning process tends t5o9 play a very significant role. The responsibilities of a school principal is not limited to only looking after the operations of the institution but ensuring that the students are included with sound knowledge and cultural development that will help to enhance their skill set as well their knowledge level (Lockyer et al. 2017). The primary area of concern for a school principal includes catering to the needs and interests of the students that affect their willingness to stay in the institution. 

While managing a school or an educational institution, the significance of an effective school leadership comes second to that of a classroom injunction. It has been noted that, the principal of a school helps in effective learning of the students, helps the teachers to give their best and provi cdev ten students with quality teaching, inculcating values among the students like that of leadership, sense of collaboration, determination, etc. In addition to that, it has been nted in the state of Selangor, the school principals are focussed in adding an extensive curriculum for the students that will help them to excel in every aspect of life. Notably, the school principals in their state of Selangor are competent enough to identify the gaps and the shortcomings in the learning process of the students, critically analyze the key issues and accordingly formulate action plan in order to eliminate them (Rivenbark & Jacobson, 2014). 

Quality versus effectiveness

Given that the knowledge on the effect of principal’s impact has on the student's, educational policies are being revamped to acknowledge the importance of a proper cultural environment in the school which helps the pupils to learn better by making the curriculum more interesting to them; as well as making overall experience better for the teachers as well (Singh & Dali, 2013). Laws have introduced concepts of adequate yearly progress, which are based on annual testing. Based on teacher credentials, the idea of highly qualified teachers is introduced. These legislations explain that “highly qualified teachers” are those who have at least one bachelor’s degree and are very competent at the subjects that they teach.

Now we have to remember that certificates and degrees alone are not the sole indicators of a teacher’s quality. A teacher’s effectiveness lies on a far more complex set of qualities than just professional preparation. It includes a vast amount of planning and skills that combine organizational, instructional and assessment skills. The principal is responsible for making a plan of action that would enhance the teacher’s performance as well as boosting the students’ interests in attending school regularly, as the environment that would be offered there would be more enriching for the students.

Conventional and modern educational mechanism

Conventional education deals with the process of learning through use of traditional tools for learning such as board, paper, ink etc. The principal should be able to keep these traditional forms intact, at least the essence of it, with introducing new ways of teaching and learning via making it the cultural norm of the school to propagate and enable student betterment. Convention process of learning is followed from the very beginning and in many areas (Loughran, 2014). 

The limitations of conventional education, is that it consumes a lot of time and is not widely accepted. Hence, new ideas must be put in which would create the right surroundings for a student to grow -not only physically. But also mentally. The student should not only learn and perform well in tests. The students needs to be able to form perspectives, understand the things that happen all around and have concrete opinions about different subjects and topics. This growth can be achieved through proper conditioning of the students and the principal has to be the one to show the path to the teachers and the students which they should take (Talley, N. B. (2014). 

Modern Educational Mechanism: Modern education Mechanism deals with the learning process involving the modern techniques. Modern tools of learning involve the use of modern equipments such as internet learning powerpoint presentation, online learning process etc (Kasemsap, 2016). The modern method of learning is much more convenient compared to the traditional or conventional methods of learning. Modern method of learning is widely accepted in different parts of the world. The learning is more interesting for the students and encourages them to learn further. Along with these technological tools for enhancing the learning process, the principal must incorporate ideological aspects that would ensure a proper understanding of the subjects for the students.

Learning models and theories (Promoting effectiveness)

In order to boost the competency of the principals in enhancing the cultural development of the  so that the children of the society get the fullest advantage of learning it is believed that principals also need feedback of their works and needs to initiate an action plan in order to resolve any key issues. To improve their effectiveness, timely feedback based on proper information is very much required. These evaluation systems are aimed to improve professional practice. These functions are generally thought to be formative and suggest that the process of professional growth and development should be continuous. Despite substantial drawbacks to the traditional evaluating process, the fundamental flaw of the approach is the assumption that during observing, presence of good practice helps to equate the academic success of the students.

Principal’s contribution in improving learning process of the students

Principals of a school tends to play a pivotal role in the upbringing of a student in terms of education. The Principals should be sound and have the capabilities that a good teacher should possess. Notably, a principal of a school should have the skill to improvise or implement those techniques in the learning process and educating a student. Effective school leadership tends to provide the students with an efficient understanding and in setting of goals (Lockyer et al. 2017). Convention process of learning followed from the very beginning and in many areas. It has a numerous drawbacks that the principal have to look into and serve the students accordingly. The drawbacks are mainly; consumes time, it is not widely acceptable. Conventional mode of learning is very monotonous and it tends to affect the student in the manner that they get in to boredom (De Sme, Wever, Schellens & Valcke 2016).

The technical learning process is widely accepted. It deals with the technologically sound methods of learning. The technical process of learning involves learning with modern tools of learning such as presentations, internet learning etc. The principal should possess good knowledge about the use of the latest and modern techniques of learning (Osborne 2013). Teachers should educate the students in such a manner to enable the learning process easy and interesting. The good qualities that a principal should possess are behaviorism and cognitivism. Behaviorism is the manner, which the teacher should have towards their students. Cognitivism deals with the psychological aspects of learning.

Conventional education deals with the process of learning with traditional tools for learning such as board, paper, ink etc. Conventional method of learning is very detailed hence; a principal is in need of explanation of the matter to discuss to the students in the traditional form. Convention process of learning followed from the very beginning and in many areas.  Modern techniques of learning are such as presentations, internet learning etc. The teachers should posses’ good knowledge about the use of the latest and modern techniques of learning.

Principals maintain an unique position in the schools which enables them to take control and implement the guiding directions to help the teachers understand what exactly are the goals and proceed accordingly. The teachers are ultimately the ones who would be interacting directly with the students, and the pupils would be the most influenced by them. The principal can only show the way, while the teachers have to walk the miles. The students would be highly benefited if the teachers take the right measures, and only then, the dreams of the school would be reached. The principal’s primary objective is to maintain an environment that is healthy and optimistic, in the school so that everyone gets something to gain from the entire experience. Both the students and the professional staff are supposed to add something to their knowledge and be able to grow together (Gonsalvez & Calvert, 2014). The principals are to influence the teachers just as much as the students are to be impacted. 

The principal has to understand the connection that is prevalent among the teacher development, student learning and the overall quality of the school. The principal must keep in mind that teacher learning is very important in order to help the students explore into the unknown and helping them to think for him or her. However, it must also be implored the way a principal can directly influence the pupils to take them to newer heights. The principled of the school tends to pay an effective role in guiding the students as well as the teachers in enhancing the level of teaching and learning process. In this regards the principle of a school must be able to fulfill the responsibilities as stated below:

1. Shaping the vision and mission to achieve academic success: It is seen that in the state of Selangor, the principle tends to play a pivotal role in shaping up of the vision as well as the mission for the school that helps in effective and efficient teaching and learning process. The principle must act as a leader to both the teachers and the students in guiding them through b the path of success thereby helping them to achieve academic excellence.
2. Creating a hospitable climate in the campus: The environment of a school campus is important to a student so that he or she may not feel alien within the campus and thereby, hampering the learning process. It is the responsibility of the school principal to cater to the needs of the students, identify their grievances and take effective measures in order to eliminate them. 
3. Inculcating leadership qualities: In light of the growing complexities in today’s world it is essential to inculcate leadership qualities among the students at an early stage. This will help them in becoming independent as well as enhance the effectiveness of their work. In this context, the principle may play an important role by involving the students and the teachers in various programs and training sessions. 
4. Effective management: One of the significant roles that a principle has to play is the effective management of all the processes in a school campus. Regardless of the size of the school a principal is faced with several challenges in the day-to-day operations of a school and thus, it is important to effectively deal with them in order to avoid any contingencies. 

Conceptual framework

The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of a cultural environment that revolves in and around an institutional centre in the context of enhanced learning for the students. The principal plays the pivotal role in creating the environment. The evaluation of the competence is framed upon the protocols posed by National Standards of Business Education (NBEA, 1995). This study has been conducted on the theories of behavioral lessons and the factors of absolute competence is developmentally structured on the concepts of Mastery learning and Incremental learning. Incremental learning is an integral component of Competency-based Education (CBE), which is an effort-oriented occupational research module and supposed to analyze the responsibilities and performance of the workers. The instruction-based panel of CBE encourages the students to champion the associated skills and to explore the specific premise of knowledge. These behavioral targets concentrate on the upcoming utility that such attitude will deliver to students. 

When the students started to meet the declared specific learning outcome skillfully and within quantifiable steps then that is considered as more transparent and likely to be achieved. In order to enhance the ability of assessment, consensus and meta-analyses exist to quantify reasonably the steps towards the preordained learning goal. Effective implementation of the instruction strategies enables the module to discern governing traits of the student and assists to identify the differences and similarities, the ability to summarize and reinforcing attempts in order to procure percentile gains. The void between our perception and activities is likely to overcome when we became able to systematically exploit our research-based knowledge and define accountability explicitly. Certification is a key indicator to trace the quality of teacher though insufficient to tabulate the teacher’s effectiveness. We need an extensively intricate matrix of qualities, which includes appearance, and an array of objectives, administrative and instructional skills. Effective teachers possess an ability to envision organizational goals for their students kindle and synchronize their curiosity with their existing knowledge and eventually yield to wisdom.

Teacher evaluation apparatus are often destined to cater the purpose to respond and improvise the guidelines of professional practice. The factor of performance improvement is related to the dimension of individual growth and involves assisting teachers to learn, transmit and enhance the practice. The improvement factor is usually reckoned formative, which proposes the need of constant professional evolution. On the other hand, the factor of accountability reflects a dedication to the significant professional objectives of competence and quality of performance. 

Typically, it is considered as summative and is noted to be associated with the judgmental faculty of effectiveness of educational activities. A balanced set of parameters of teacher evolution would incorporate an assessment of the performance as well as fostering the improvement criteria. A well-structured evaluation module must advocate the effectiveness along with posing a considerable attention towards the quality. The broadcasting mechanism must be well equipped to absorb and demonstrate the instructions and learning gains within the classroom quarters. Since the enhancement of learning of the student is the quintessential goal, direct measurement without any extrapolation within limited observations.  

Research Method

Introduction

Methodology can be termed as the systematic way of analyzing the theoretical aspects in respect to certain applied field of study (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015). It tends to comprise of the methods and the principles associated with the particular research study. In regards to this, attempts have been made in this section of the study to illustrate the research design that will be used to conduct this particular research study. In this particular research, descriptive research design is to be used for providing a descriptive analysis of the current situation. In addition to that, efforts have been made to give a detailed description of the target population of the study and the sample that is to be selected out of the target population. Further, attempts have been made to give a brief description of the instruments that will form part of the survey and interviews. Other than that, this section of the study also deals with the data collection method this is to be used in this study.

Research design

Research design describes the general outline of the research study that is to be conducted. In a broader sense, a research design can be divided into several categories namely, descriptive research design, correlational research design, experimental research design and systematic research design (Smith, 2015). In simple terms, a research design can be described as the method of collection and analysis of certain variables in accordance with the specifications made in the research problem or research study (Panneerselvam, 2014). The research design tends to depict the type of the study conducted like weather it is descriptive in nature or any other form. Additionally, it also attempts to describe the subcategory of the study like weather it is independent or dependent, the variables included in it, etc. It is very essential to specify the type of research design that is undertaken as the data collection method and the analysis of the data collected will be based on the same (Gast & Ledford, 2014).

A descriptive research design tends to illustrate the participant of the study in a well-specified manner. The data in this type of study are collected through proper observation of the participant’s behavior in context to the given subject and their outlook towards it. Usually, in descriptive studies, the researcher attempts to give a detailed description of the research problems and an in-depth study of the individual’s associated with the research. In conducting a descriptive research, the researcher usually adopts three ways to conduct the research. They include observational, case studies and conduct of surveys (Tarone, Gass & Cohen, 2013). On the other hand, co-relational research design method attempts to find a correlation, cause, and effect between two or more variables in context to the research study.  This particular research study tends to follow descriptive research design method. 

In this particular research study, several methods have been adopted to provide a deceptive detail about the research topic. Efforts have been made in the study to provide a critical analysis of the education management system in the state of Selangor (Billig & Waterman, 2014). In addition to that, the research study also deals in describing the urgent necessity of enhancing the skills and competence of the principals in order to impart practical and technical knowledge among the student (Reynolds et al. 2014). In conduct of the study, it is noted that, Education plays a pivotal role in our life in enhancing the quality of life and tends to improve the economic and social productivity. With the enhancement in technology across the world, it has become necessary to adopt technological advancement in the education sector (Mansell, 2015). In context to Selangor, it is noted that the quality of teaching is significantly influenced by the contextual shifts within the secondary-education environment that may include broadening of the education structure and increasing diversity of the student profiles (Wiek & Lang, 2016). In addition to that, with growing competition in the global market and in economic efficiency adoption of technological advancement and enhancement of the skills and competence of the teachers has become necessary in uplifting the structure of education in the state of Selangor.

In relation to the study, surveys will be conducted among the students to get a clear understanding about the student’s behavior and quantify the data. In addition to that, attempts have also been made to conduct interviews among the teachers of various secondary educational institutions in the state of Selangor (Karlsson, 2016). Efforts have been made to properly observe the responses of the participants while conduction of the interview thoroughly analyze them and make a critical analysis of the same. Thus, this particular research can be termed as a descriptive research study.

Sampling and population

In context to Selangor, it is noted that the quality of teaching is significantly influenced by the contextual shifts within the secondary-education environment that may include broadening of the education structure and increasing diversity of the student profiles as well as the mindset of the school principals. The target population of the research study comprises of the members of the educational institutions in the state of Selangor. For getting a better understanding of the research topic, both the teachers and the students have been selected on a random basis so that the perceptions of both the entity can be recorded and make a descriptive analysis of the same (Meredith, Dicks, Noel & Wagstaff, 2017). 

In order to get better results, attempts have been made to include the members of top 6 educational institutions of Selangor along with two other small sized educational institutions within the states. While selecting the target population of the research, it is to be taken into consideration that all the selected educational institutions more or less have adopted technological advancement within their institutions and has greatly benefited from the same (Fletcher, 2017). Additionally, another factor that forms the basis of selection of the target population ids the use of conventional method of providing education and the way it affect the learning outcomes of the students and their behavior.

Notably, education tends to play a pivotal role in our life in enhancing the quality of life and tends to improve the economic and social productivity. With the enhancement in technology across the world, it has become necessary to adopt technological advancement in the education sector (Gummesson, 2014). In this regards, the role of teachers and their technical competence plays a very important role. In this context, attempts have been made in the study to include members of all the management levels of an educational institution that includes the teachers, the students, the members of the managing committee of the institutions, the schools principals, etc. This is done in order to get an adequate representation of the related parties in context to the research problem (Karlsson, 2016).

In context to the current research study, in order to reduce ambiguity and chaos, a certain number of individuals are to be selected on a random sampling basis from each of the level of management of the educational structure of the institutions. From each level, 25 individuals have been selected for the purpose of the study. The entire participants are to be categorized in accordance to their respective roles (Meredith, Dicks, Noel & Wagstaff, 2017). Thus, in total 100 candidates are to be selected from each institution. Hence, in the research study, the number of respondents will comprise of 600 participants.

Instruments

In context to the current research study, as mentioned in the previous section of the study, several methods are to be used to collect the relevant data. This particular research study tends to follow descriptive research design method. In this particular research study, several methods have been adopted to provide a deceptive detail about the research topic. Efforts have been made in the study to provide a critical analysis of the education management system in the state of Selangor. The instruments that are to be used in the preparation of the current research study include preparation of questionnaires for the survey to be conducted. In this particular research study, a separate interview is to be conducted among the managing committee of the educational institutions (Meredith, Dicks, Noel & Wagstaff, 2017). For that purpose, a set of questions are to be prepared that will be mostly open ended. On the other hand, the question set in the questionnaires consists of mostly close-ended questions. This is done so that the responses from the participants can be quantified and a proper analysis of the data can be made. Other instruments that are to be included in the research study, voice recorder is to be used in recording the responses of the interviewees so that a better observation can be made and for further use in the future (Tarone, Gass & Cohen, 2013).

Data collection

Endeavors have been made in the review to give a basic examination of the training administration framework in the condition of Selangor. In regards to that it is to be noted that, the examination ponder additionally bargains in portraying the earnest need of improving the abilities and capability of the educators keeping in mind the end goal to confer viable and specialized learning among the understudy (Billig & Waterman, 2014). In context to the review, it is noticed that, Education forms an essential part in our life in upgrading the personal satisfaction and has a tendency to enhance the monetary and social efficiency. 

With the upgrade in innovation over the world, it has turned out to be important to receive mechanical progression in the training area. In context to Selangor, it is noticed that the nature of instructing is altogether affected by the logical moves inside the auxiliary training condition that may incorporate widening of the training structure and expanding differing qualities among the students bin imparting of technical knowledge (Tarone, Gass & Cohen, 2013). Notwithstanding that, with developing rivalry in the worldwide market and in financial productivity reception of mechanical progression and upgrade of the abilities and fitness of the instructors has turned out to be fundamental in inspiring the structure of training in the condition of Selangor.

As evident from the previous section of the study that, several data collection methods have been used that includes use of questionnaires, conduct of interviews, and thorough observation of the behavior of the respondents.  It is noted from the above section of the study, majority of the question that are incorporated in the questionnaires are close ended so that the validity of the responses can be enhanced. Additionally, it is to be noted that, thorough observation is to be made regarding the behavior of the participants and critical analysis is to be made of the same so that the data can be properly interpreted. In this particular research study, the data and the other relevant information has been collected from various sources like reviews of various scholarly articles and book journals by other researchers, various blogs and articles, conduct of surveys and interviews, through qualitative scrutinizing  of the responses collected from the interviews.

Data analysis techniques

In context to above case study, various data collection method has been used that includes conduct of survey, interviews and other methods. In addition to that, the collected data have been critically analyzed in context to the research subject such that proper resources can be interpreted. It is evident from the above section of the study that had the data have been collected using various techniques and methods that includes various Peer reviewed articles and book journals by other researchers, responses received from the participants through the conduct of surveys and interviews. In order to get a clear understanding of the research subject atoms are to be made to conduct a critical analysis of the collected data using various techniques. 

They includes frequency analysis method statistical analysis of the data like mean median mode and standard deviation this will help the researcher and the other users of the data to get a clear understanding of the qualitative as well as the quantitative aspects of the study.  The frequency analysis will have the user of the research study to get a qualitative outlook and behavior of the participants in context to the research subject. The statistical analysis of the data that are to be used while analyzing the data of the study will help the users as well as the researchers to jot down the quantitative aspects of the response of the participants.

Primarily, data analysis consists of two methods that include qualitative research and quantitative research (Loughran, 2013). In context to qualitative research, the methods used in this particular research are surveys, interviews and thorough observation of the responses collected in the survey and interviews. On the other hand, the quantitative aspect of the research comprises of the conduct of surveys and experiments. In order to remove any kind ambiguity and chaos, survey has been conducted among the student and the other participants of the study and a separate interview for the managing committee of the educational institutions (Billig & Waterman, 2014). Additionally, it is to be noted that, thorough observation is to be made regarding the behavior of the participants and critical analysis is to be made of the same so that the data can be properly interpreted (Gast & Ledford, 2014). In this particular research study, the data and the other relevant information has been collected from various sources like reviews of various scholarly articles and book journals by other researchers, various blogs and articles, conduct of surveys and interviews, through qualitative scrutinizing  of the responses collected from the interviews.

Summary

In light of the study made in the above section, it can be established that defining the research method is essential for getting a clear understanding of the processes that are to be adopted in the research method. In context to this, attempts have been made in this section of the study to illustrate the research design that will be used to conduct this particular research study. It is evident from the above section of the study that descriptive research design is to be used for providing a descriptive analysis of the current situation. Additionally, it is noted that efforts have been made to give a detailed description of the target population of the study and the sample that is to be selected out of the target population. 

Further, attempts have been made to give a brief description of the instruments that will form part of the survey and interviews. Other than that, this section of the study also deals with the data collection method this is to be used in this study. From the above study, it can be established that in conduction of the above study, several instruments are to be used that may include questionnaires for the purpose of survey, a separate set of questions for the conduction of interviews. In addition to that, it is noted that other instruments like voice record the responses of the participants of the study. It is done in order to get a clear understanding of the responses received, observe the behavior and outlook of the respondents and make a critical analysis of the same. 

Conclusion

Evidently, the level of education has enhanced in the state of Selangor, and the same gets reflected from the performance of the educational institutions in the global market. It is noted in the study that, in order to achieve academic excellence, the principles of the schools tends to play a pivotal role. The skill and competency of the principal helps in upbringing of the student and in their learning process.  Evidently, the policies adopted by the schools principals helps in professional development of the institutions as well as in enhancing the level of cultural competence among the students. It is noted that the students tends to depend on the instructions and the rules and regulations set by the principal of an institution in their day to day activity within the campus. In that regards, the school principal may adopt such strategies that will help the students in enhancing their learning process. 

In addition to that, it has been noted that, the role of principal of a school includes assist the teachers in the teaching process, maintaining a safe and sound environment, looking after the needs and interest of the teachers and the students as well as ensuring that the quality of teaching is maintained across all departments. In addition to that, they are also tasked with shaping up of the mission and vision of the academic success based on the global standards, inculcating the sense of leadership among the others, building up of a hospitable educational environment within the campus as well, as supporting the members of the organization at the time of needs. Hence, new ideas must be put in which would create the right surroundings for a student to grow -not only physically. But also mentally. The student should not only learn and perform well in tests. The students needs to be able to form perspectives, understand the things that happen all around and have concrete opinions about different subjects and topics. This growth can be achieved through proper conditioning of the students and the principal has to be the one to show the path to the teachers and the students which they should take.

It is evident from the study that, the cultural environment of a school has a significant influence in the overall development of a student and as well as of the other members of the institution. The task of a principal in this regard is to cater to the need s and interest of the students and the faculty members, identify the key issues faced by them and formulate certain action plan in order to eliminate the same. Thus, from the study it can be established that, the competency of the principal of a school is significant in enhancing the learning process of the students. The principal needs  to be proficient in order to implement his envisioned and policies within the institution.